Advanced Petrophysics

The course aims to increase the knowledge of the geologists, geophysicists and the others who are working in the field of oil and natural gas production. This course covers the whole range of Open Hole, Cased Hole and Production logging tools and their applications. This is a wide-ranging course that effectively covers all the logging techniques both Open Hole and Cased hole. The course starts with an overview of the reservoir rock properties and reservoir fluids. This is an essential factor as a background to the various logging techniques and their interpretations. Open hole logging tool principles will also be presented. The attendees will feel that they became more professional, and know more about the geologic description and exploration of the underground rocks/reservoirs using the well logging techniques. They will be able to evaluate the reservoirs and assess their performance. Cased hole logging will also be presented in two parts. It is performed more rarely but still provides valuable information about the well. It is used to help operators obtain additional information from a well or reservoir that has already been completed. This course covers all aspects of cased-hole logging and interpretation, with particular emphasis on logs and flow quantification. More knowledge about cased-hole logs will lead to better understanding of the well and the surrounding reservoir. The course will cover detection of leaks behind casing, cement bond logs and applied in deviated wells. The comprehensive course documentation has been designed as a useful guide for future reference.

Audience

This course is designed for:

Geologists
Petroleum Geologists
Geophysicists
Wellsite geologists
Drilling engineers
Stratigraphers
Geochemists,
Petroleum engineers
Production Engineers
Petrophysicists.

Course objectives

By end of the course participants will learn:

Identify the different rock types.
Identify the porosity and permeability for reservoir rocks.
Know the factors controlling the porosity and permeability.
Know the different porosity-permeability relationships and Models.
Know the electric properties of sedimentary rocks.
Know the identity of reservoirs and traps.
Explain logging objectives and wireline acquisition setup.
Borehole effects, Illustrate the invasion profile.
Know the different types of well logs including the open and cased hole logging tools.
Know more about the electric Logs.
Know more about the Porosity Logs.
Know more about the Radioactive Logs.
Know more about the cased hole logs.
Calculate saturations from Pulsed Neutron Capture (PNC) Logs.
Correct petrophysical calculations for the influence of shaliness.
Distinguish gas from liquids in the formation using log traces.
Understand why it is possible and why it is difficult to convert PNC log measurement into density and neutron log measurements.
Use Log-Inject-Log methods to maximize accuracy of saturations measured through casing.
Analyze log traces to identify brine entry depths.
Effectively use carbon/oxygen (C/O) logs to reflect saturations under conditions where PNC logs are ineffective.
Decide whether PNC logs will deliver adequate results or C/O logs are required.
Detect the tubes corrosions and define their locations.
Interpret and monitor the production logs.

Course contents

Day 1: Porosity and Permeability of Rocks:

Porosity and the Different Classifications of Pore spaces.
Factors governing Porosity values.
Permeability and classification of Permeability.
Factors affecting the magnitude of permeability values.
Specific and relative Permeability.
Porosity-Permeability cross-plots.
Apparent and true electric resistivity.
Formation resistivity factor.
Factors controlling the electric properties.
Reservoir Fluids

Day 2: Basics and Concepts of Wireline Logging:

The definition and objectives of well-logs.
Wireline acquisition setup.
Classification of log measurements.
Natural phenomena.
Physical properties measured by inducing responses from the formation.
Borehole effects and invasion.
The effect of tool geometry, logging speed, and the effect of hostile environments.
The logging tools combinations.
Log presentation and Data transmission.

Day 3: Porosity and Radioactive logs; Quick Look Interpretations:

Neutron Log.
Gamma ray and Gamma-spectrometry logs.
Density and sonic logs.
Combination Neutron-Density Log.
Shale and Sw evaluation.
Interpretation, Porosity and shale volume calculation.
Spontaneous Potential log.
Induction Electric log.
Dual Induction Focused and Laterologs.
Dual Laterolog-Microspherically Focused log.
Dipmeter and FMI logs.
Lithologic and structural interpretation.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).
NMR diffusion for fluid-type discrimination using T1, T2 relaxations
Permeability Determination from Logs & Pressure Measurements:
Permeability, relative permeability, core measurements
Quick Look Interpretations Interpretations in Shaly Formations
The Dual Water Model.
Open Hole Log Interpretation Workshop

Day 4: Cased hole Logs-I:

Cased-Hole Logs, principles and applications.
Cement bond and variable density logs, CBL – VDL (CBL for average Casing to cement bond & VDL for Cement to formation bond).
SCMT for average & azimuthal cement bond below production tubing without killing well.
Pulsed Neutron Capture Logs
Basics of neutron generation and gamma detection and how that leads to sigma
Basics of calculation of water saturation from sigma.
Cement Evaluation Workshop
Casing Corrosion Principles and Mechanisms
Corrosion Logging: Ultrasonic, Multi-Finger Calipers, Electromagnetic (ETT) Casing Leak Detection.
Pulsed Neutron Capture Logs (TDT, PNL, NLL, PDK), concepts and applications
Methods to correct the saturation calculation for shaliness
Log-Inject-Log measurements to maximize accuracy
Casing Corrosion Workshop

Day 5: Cased hole Logs-II:

Distinguishing gas from oil
Estimating porosity
Use of all the auxiliary traces on the logs
Use of oxygen activation to determine brine entry
Use of special modifications of the logs
Planning to maximize success of log runs
Carbon/Oxygen logs? How the logs work
Deciding when Carbon/Oxygen logs have a better chance for success
Planning log runs to maximize chances for success
New developments that promise improved Carbon/Oxygen logs.
Production Logging Tool types, Optical Sensors, Electric Sensors, Flowmeters and FloScan Imager.
Interpretations Estimating fluid hold-ups: Water Hold-up, Oil hold-up and gas-hold-up.
Multiphase flow effects; two and three Phases Flow.
Production Logging Workshop
Closing Session

Shopping cart