Advanced Carbonate Reservoir Characterization and SCAL Analysis

The course aims to increase the knowledge of the geologists, geophysicists and the others who are working in the Carbonate hydrocarbon fields. The course covers the sedimentological and petrophysical concepts, methodologies, and technologies used to characterize, evaluate, and model the carbonate reservoirs. This is a wide-ranging course that effectively covers all the carbonate characterization and core analyses techniques. The course starts with an overview of the reservoir rock properties. The advanced reservoir characterization will be done through integration of multiple tools including data related to petrography, depositional environments, diagenesis, well logging, routine and special core analyses. The attendees will feel that they became more professional, and know more about the geologic description and exploration of the carbonate rocks/reservoirs and SCAL techniques. They will be able to evaluate the reservoirs and assess their performance. The comprehensive course documentation has been designed as a useful guide for future reference.

Audience

This course is designed for:

Geologists
Petroleum Geologists
Geophysicists
Wellsite geologists
Drilling engineers
Stratigraphers
Geochemists,
Petroleum engineers
Production Engineers
Petrophysicists.

Course objectives

By end of the course participants will learn:

Know the main depositional environments and diagenetic factors controlling the prospectivity of Carbonate reservoirs.
Identify the different rock types and lithologies from x-y plots.
Estimate porosity and permeability using DIA technique.
Know more about NMR, MDT and FMI measurements and applications.
Know more about relative permeability and wettability.
Know how to measure wettability and to interpret the obtained data.
Know more about the X-ray computer tomography (X-ray CT scan).
Know more information on the MICP test.
Know the electric properties of sedimentary rocks.
Know more about resistivity of rocks and measuring Archie’s parameters.
Estimate the water saturation and shale volume.
Integrate the SCAL data with the other carbonate reservoir data sets.

Course contents

Day-1: Carbonate Reservoir Characterization

Depositional environments of carbonate rocks.
Facies dominant in carbonate rocks.
Diagenetic history and sequence of carbonate reservoirs.
Pore types and description using petrographical studies.
Estimating porosity and permeability from digital image analyses (DIA).
Case studies.

Day-2: Advanced Log Responses in Carbonate reservoirs

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), theory and basics.
NMR diffusion for fluid-type discrimination using T1, T2 relaxations.
Applications and integration with the other tools.
Modular Dynamic Tester ‘MDT’ Logs response in carbonate rocks.
Formation Micro Image Analysis (FMI) in carbonate rocks
Case studies.

Day-3: Rock Typing (RRT), Wettability and Relative Permeability (SCAL)

Rock typing and lithology Discrimination.
Formation evaluation and reservoir quality (RQI, FZI, RPI, R10, R35, etc ..).
Relative Permeability measurements.
Wettability basics and interpretation.
Measuring wettability, Amott and USBM procedures.
Estimating wettability using relative permeability plots.
Case Studies.

Day-4: CT-Scan, and MICP (SCAL)

X-ray computer tomography (X-ray CT scan).
SEM studies and applications.
Rock typing using petrography, CT-scan and SEM
Mercury Injection Tests (MICP); theory and applications.
Entry, Threshold, and hyperbola pressures from MICP plots.
Estimating the residual oil and irreducible water saturation from MICP plots.
Formation evaluation using mercury injection plots.

Day-5: Electric resistivity of carbonate rocks

Measuring apparent and true electric resistivity.
Measuring irreducible water saturation.
Formation resistivity factor.
Factors controlling the electric properties.
Porosity determination and Archie’s parameters, a, m and n.
Case Studies.
Workshop on formation evaluation and carbonate reservoir characterization using SCAL.

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